减重手术在帮助减轻体重的过程中，也对身体提出了新的营养要求。今天我们来了解一下减重术后需要注意防范的一种营养失衡——蛋白质-能量营养不良（PEM）。

Original Passage

Metabolic bariatric surgery,known for dietary changes and physiological alterations of the digestive tract, increases the risk for undernutrition and protein malnutrition.Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM),currently known as protein energy undernutrition (PEU),includes a deficiency of all macronutrients,but primarily protein,due to insufficient caloric intake.Undernutrition may be recognized by an inadequate intake of nutrients,malabsorption,impaired metabolism,loss of nutrients due to diarrhea, or increased nutritional requirements.

Metabolic bariatric surgery, known for dietary changes and physiological alterations of the digestive tract, increases the risk for undernutrition and protein malnutrition.Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), currently known as proteinenergy undernutrition (PEU), includes a deficiency of all macronutrients, but primarily protein, due to insufficient caloric intake. Undernutrition may be recognized by an inadequate intake of nutrients, malabsorption, impaired metabolism, loss of nutrients due to diarrhea, or increased nutritional requirements [41,50,51]. Severe cases of undernutrition described as an excessive loss of adipose tissue and muscle, are a form of malnutrition occasionally seen in post-MBS patients [6,41,49]. Some post-MBS patients experience severe protein malnutrition and

中文译文

代谢减重手术会改变患者饮食模式，并造成消化道生理结构改变，因此会提升机体发生营养摄入不足、蛋白质营养不良的风险。蛋白质-能量营养不良（PEM，现也称作蛋白质能量摄入不足PEU）指因热量摄入不足，造成全部宏量营养素缺乏，其中以蛋白质缺乏最为突出。营养摄入不足可由营养素摄取量不足、吸收障碍、代谢功能受损、腹泻导致营养素流失，或是机体营养需求上升这几类因素引发。

小贴士

  • 术后由于胃容量受限，每一口食物的“含金量”都很重要，建议在每餐进食时，优先吃蛋白质类食物（如鱼、虾、蛋、豆腐、精瘦肉、奶制品），吃饱后再吃蔬菜，最后吃碳水化合物，这样能确保在胃容积有限的情况下，核心的蛋白质营养能够被优先摄入。素食人群需要多种植物蛋白搭配同食，弥补缺失的必需氨基酸，避免隐性蛋白缺乏。

结束语

一起学习和推广健康减重的方法和理念！

参考文献

  • BENSON-DAVIES S, FREDERIKSEN K, PATEL R. Bariatric nutrition and evaluation of the metabolic surgical patient: Update to the 2022 Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) bariatric surgery, gastrointestinal hormones, and the microbiome clinical practice statement (CPS) [J]. Obes Pillars, 2025, 13: 100154.

声明：博客内容仅为营养健康科普参考，仅供医学专业人士阅览，文中内容不构成任何诊疗、用药建议，营养补充方案需结合个体情况、定期随访结果，在专业医护指导下实行，特殊人群（孕期、慢性病等）请提前就医评估。本文知识产权归拜瑞斐所有，未经授权，不得转载。